Table 1. Summary of studies on the milk protein-stabilized micro- and nanoemulsions

Milk proteins Droplet size Emulsion type References
Caseins
 Caseinate Micro-sized O/W [15-17]
Nano-sized O/W [18]
W/O/W [19]
αs1-Caseins Micro-sized O/W [20,21]
β-casein Micro-sized O/W [20,21]
Whey proteins
 WPI Micro-sized O/W [16,18,22,23]
W/O/W [24]
O/W/O [25]
O/W/W [26]
Nano-sized W/O [27]
O/W [28-31]
 WPC Micro-sized O/W [5]
Nano-sized W/O/W [16]
β-Lactoglobulin Micro-sized O/W [22]
Nano-sized O/W [6,7]
O/W, oil-in-water; W/O, water-in-oil; W/O/W, water-in-oil-in-water; O/W/O, oil-in-water-in-oil; O/W/W, oil-in-water-in-water; WPI, whey protein isolate; WPC, whey protein concentrate.