Table 3. Diet compositions, DMI and milk yield of Holstein cows fed in-door and grazed on pasture

	Feeding system	In-door feeding		Pasture grazing		t-value	p-value
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Intake · d−1	Concentrates1) (kg · DM · d−1)	6.03	1.09	1.90	0.36	46.666	0.000
	TMR (kg · DM · d−1)	9.86	0.74	4.93	0.37	81.673	0.000
	Herbage2) intake (kg · DM · d−1)	-	-	5.43	0.67	-	-
	DM (kg · d−1)	15.89	1.28	12.26	0.90	31.916	0.000
	ME (MJ · d−1)	195.46	16.37	142.39	10.38	37.637	0.000
	ME (MJ · DM−1)	12.30	0.08	11.62	0.08	80.351	0.000
Yield · d−1	Milk (kg)	37.73	6.58	21.20	5.76	22.857	0.000
	ECM3) (kg)	35.18	2.02	22.25	0.99	29.856	0.000
	Milk yield (kg · DM−1)	1.53	0.09	1.17	0.08	41.582	0.000
	Milk yield (kg · MJ−1)	0.12	0.01	0.10	0.01	33.885	0.030
	Fat (kg)	1.39	0.08	1.46	0.08	−3.374	0.001
	Protein (kg)	1.19	0.07	1.20	0.07	0.944	0.410
	Total solids (kg)	4.63	0.27	4.70	0.27	0.932	0.362
Concentration (%)	Fat	3.68	0.51	3.88	0.59	0.832	0.196
	Protein	3.15	0.20	3.19	0.25	0.762	0.514
	Lactose	4.81	0.21	4.80	0.20	0.943	0.793
	Total solids	12.28	0.64	12.46	0.68	0.757	0.328

Concentrate feed was composed of a mixture of hays (timothy 2.5, alfalfa 3, tall fescue 1, oat grass 3, and reed canarygrass 1.5), with grounded corn (2.5), TMR base (7) and rumen-protected fat (0.2) for indoor feeding (28.4 kg · cow⁻¹ · d⁻¹).
Herbage is composed of timothy, orchard grass and reed canarygrass grown on mountain pasture.
ECM (Energy corrected milk fat): ECM (kg · cow · d⁻¹) = [{(milk fat % × 41.65) + (milk true protein % × 24.13) + (milk lactose % × 21.60) −11.72}/1000 ×2.204] × (milk, kg · d⁻¹)/0.271.