Table 1 Survival of encapsulated Bifidobacterium spp. under gastrointestinal conditions

Encapsulation materials & Methods Bifidobacterium spp. Survival under gastrointestinal conditions References
2% sodium alginate with poly-L-lysine or chitosan (Extrusion technique) Bifidobacterium bifidum Higher than 106 cfu/mL Cui et al., 2000
2~4% alginate (Extrusion technique) Bifidobacterium longum Depending on alginateconcentration and bead size Lee and Heo, 2000
0.75% gellan/1 % xanthan gum (Extrusion technique) Bifidobacterium infantis Higher than 106 cfu/mL Sun and Griffiths, 2000
0.75% gellan/1 % xanthan gum (Extrusion technique) Bifidobacterium lactis Higher than 106 cfu/mL McMaster et al., 2005
2% alginate with Hi-maize starch (Emulsion technique) Bifidobacterium spp. Higher than 106 cfu/mL Sultana et al., 2000
3% alginate (Emulsion technique) Bifidobacteriumadolescentis Bifidobacterium breveBifidobacterium lactisBifidobacterium longum 8.2~1.0 log cfu/mL Truelstrup Hansen et al., 2002
35% gum arabic 15% skim milk 30% gelatin 35% soluble starch (Spray-drying technique) Bifidobacterium infantisCCRC 14633 89.17% 65.16% 92.73% 92.70% Lian et al., 2003
35% gum arabic 15% skim milk 30% gelatin 35% soluble starch (Spray-drying technique) Bifidobacterium longum B6 93.53% 81.26% 87.15% 95.47% Lian et al., 2003
10% heat-denatured whey protein isolate (Spray-drying/emulsion technique) Bifidobacterium breveBifidobacterium longum 1.0 log cfu/mL 3.8 log cfu/mL Picot and Lacroix, 2004
Source: Iravani et al., 2015